- 1 mi = 5280 ft
- 1 mi = 1.6 km
- 1 ft = 30.48 cm
- 1 in = 2.54 cm
- 1 m = 3.28 ft
Area:
- 1 acre = 4047 m2 ≈ 64m×64m
- 10 acre = 4 hectare (ha) = 4×10000 m2 = 200m×200m
- 1 acre = 43560 ft2 ≈ 200 ft×200ft
- 1 acre = 0.0015625 mi2 ≈ 0.04 mi×0.04mi
- 1 mi2 = 640 acre = 1 section
- 1 township = 36 mi2 = 36 section
- 1 mi2 = 2.6 km2
Mass:
- 1 kg = 2.20462 lb
- 1 bbl = 5.6146 cft
- 1 bbl = 42 US Liquid Gallon
- 1 gal = 3.7854 L
- 1 gal = 231 cubic in
- 3.4 fl oz = 100 ml (limit for carry-on liquids)
- 1 fl oz = 29.5735 ml
- 1 m^3 = 6.2898 bbl = 264.172 US Gallon
Density:
- 1 g/cc = 8.345404 ppg
- 1 lb/ft3 = 0.13368056 ppg
Permeability:
- 1 Darcy = 0.9869233$\times 10^{-12}$ $m^2$ = 0.9869233 $\mu m^2$ $\approx$ 1 $\mu m^2$
- 1 mD $\approx$ $1 \times 10^{-15}$ $m^2$
Fracture Toughness (link):
- 1 kpsi$\sqrt (in)$ = 1.09884 Mpa$\sqrt(m)$
- 1 psi$\sqrt (in)$ = 1098.84 pa$\sqrt(m)$
Stress:
- 1 psi = 6895 pa
- 1 atm = 0.1 Mpa
- 1 Mpa = 145 psi
- 7 Mpa ~ 1 Kpsi
Young's Modulus:
- 20 - 100 GPa = 3 - 14.5 MMpsi
Viscosity:
- 1 Poise (Poiseuille) = 0.1 Pa-s
- 1 cP (centi-Poiseuille) = 1 mPa-s
- 1 cP = 1 mPa-s = $10^{-3}$ Pa-s = $10^{-3} \times 0.000145038 psi \times \frac{1}{60} min$ = $2.4173 \times 10^{-9} psi \cdot min$
Permeability-Viscosity-Pressure Combination:
\[1 \frac{[mD][psi]}{[cp]}= \frac{10^{-3} \times [D][psi]}{10^{-3} \times [Pa] \cdot [s]} = \frac{0.9869233 \times 10^{-12} [m^2] \times 10.7639[\frac{ft^2}{m^2}][psi]}{0.000145038 [psi] \frac{1}{60\times 60\times 24}[day]} = 0.006328 \frac{[ft^{2}]}{[day]}
\]
Pressure Gradient (Note: use TVD, true vertical depth):
- Fresh Water, 62.4 lbm/cft/144 = 0.433 psi/ft
- Brine Water, S.G. $\times$ 0.433 psi/ft
- Drilling Mud, 0.051498 or 0.052 $\times$ Mud Weight (ppg) psi/ft
\[ ppg=\frac{lb}{gal}=\frac{lb}{231\,inch^{3}}=\frac{lb}{231\,inch^{2}}\frac{12}{ft}=0.051948\frac{psi}{ft} \approx 0.052\frac{psi}{ft}
\]
\]
Pressure:
- 1 lbf = 1 lbm×32.2 $ft/s^2$ = 32.2 lbm×ft/s^2
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